Definition of terms

1.8 Definition of terms.

Leadership.

The most important aspect of management are leadership (Weihrich, et al, 2008). In the past 70 years, there are more than 65 different approaches that have been developed to effective leadership (Fleishman et al, 1991). There is no single definition of leadership that universally accepted. The definition is broad concept. Leadership have been defined the ability of one person to influence other towards the achievement goals (Yuki, 1994). Besides that, leadership means that function knowing yourself , having vision, build trust among college and ranking effective action to realize your own leadership potential (Bennis, 1989, p. 7).

Principal.

Principal means that a central part of being great leader is cultivating others. Principal is the leader and manager of the school but they need experience and knowledge (The Wallace Foundation, 2013).

Teacher.

Teachers are leader with those individual who are “committed to continuous learning for themselves and their colleagues… use thinking as a tool to examine complex organizational problems and work towards reconstructing their teaching practice to include roles as servant leaders and change agents in their organizations” (Childs,2005).

Student achievements.

The level of proficiency one has achieved in an academic area as defined by a summative cumulative high stakes test. This term used interchangeably with academic achievement.

Transformational leadership.

According to Jung and Avolio (2000) stated that transformational leadership assumption that people follow a person who inspire them and the followers accept and internalize the values expressed by the leaders. Transformational leadership also are participative leadership style that defined as transforming values and priorities of subordinate whereby the leader motivates them to perform better beyond the expectations(Yuki,1999).

Transactional leadership.

Transactional leadership have been characterize as exchange process between leader and followers. It also calls “carrot and stick” which means rewards and punishment. Transactional leadership work with follower current needs and wants to satisfy follower’s needs once agreed upon performance level are achieved (Jung & Avolio, 2000). Other than that the definition of transactional leadership are identifies specific followers expectation and provides rewards in exchange for followers performance (Bass, 1985)